第十一章 · 活着，从记忆和画面中解脱

WE HAVE BEEN enquiring into the nature of love and have come to a point, I think, which needs much greater penetration, a much greater awareness of the issue. We have discovered that for most people love means comfort, security, a guarantee for the rest of their lives of continuous emotional satisfaction.
Then someone like me comes along and says, 'Is that really love?' and questions you and asks you to look inside yourself. And you try not to look because it is very disturbing - you would rather discuss the soul or the political or economic situation - but when you are driven into a corner to look, you realize that what you have always thought of as love is not love at all; it is a mutual gratification, a mutual exploitation.

我们一直在探索爱的本质，我想，我们已经到了一个需要更深度剖析和觉察问题的点。我们发现，对于大多数人，爱意味着舒适、安全，一种对余生持续的情感满足的保证。

突然，某个像我一样的人出来说：“这真的是爱吗？” 并质疑你，让你向内观察。你试图不去观察，因为它会带来扰动 —— 你宁可讨论灵魂或者政治、经济形势 —— 但当你被逼到墙角，不得不去观察的时候，你发现，你一直所认为的爱其实压根就不是爱，而是一种互相的满足，互相的利用。

When I say, Love has no tomorrow and no yesterday', or, When there is no centre then there is love', it has reality for me but not for you. You may quote it and make it into a formula but that has no validity. You have to see it for yourself, but to do so there must be freedom to look, freedom from all condemnation, all judgement all agreeing or disagreeing.

当我说：“爱没有明天，也没有昨天”，或者 “只有没有（自我为）中心的时候，才有爱”，这对于我有现实意义，但对你没有。你可能会去引用它，把它弄成一个方案，但这没有任何的效用。你得亲自去看到它，要能这样做，得必须能自由地观察，没有任何的谴责、判断，没有同意或者不同意。

Now, to look is one of the most difficult things in life - or to listen - to look and listen are the same. If your eyes are blinded with your worries, you cannot see the beauty of the sunset. Most of us have lost touch with nature.

Civilization is tending more and more towards large cities; we are becoming more and more an urban people, living in crowded apartments and having very little space even to look at the sky of an evening and morning, and therefore we are losing touch with a great deal of beauty. I don't know if you have noticed how few of us look at a sunrise or a sunset or the moonlight or the reflection of light on water.

观察是人生中最困难的事情之一 —— 或者说是聆听 —— 观察和聆听是一回事。如果忧虑遮住了你的双眼，你就无法看到日落的美。我们中的大多数人已经跟自然脱节。

人类文明在越来越向大城市聚集，我们变得越来越像城镇居民，住在拥挤的公寓里，甚至几乎没有任何空间来观看夜晚和清晨的天空，因此我们错失了许许多多的美。我不知道你是否注意过，我们中有几个人在看日出或者日落，或者月光，或者水面对光的反射。

Having lost touch with nature we naturally tend to develop intellectual capacities. We read a great many books, go to a great many museums and concerts, watch television and have many other entertainments. We quote endlessly from other people's ideas and think and talk a great deal about art. Why is it that we depend so much upon art? Is it a form of escape, of stimulation?

If you are directly in contact with nature; if you watch the movement of a bird on the wing, see the beauty of every movement of the sky, watch the shadows on the hills or the beauty on the face of another, do you think you will want to go to any museum to look at any picture? Perhaps it is because you do not know how to look at all the things about you that you resort to some form of drug to stimulate you to see better.

跟自然脱节，我们自然而然会倾向于开发我们的智力。我们读了很多很多的书，去了很多很多的博物馆和音乐会，看电视，有很多其它的娱乐。我们不停地引用他人的想法，对艺术思考和谈论颇多。为什么我们如此依赖于艺术？是一种逃避的形式，一种刺激的形式？

如果你跟大自然直接接触，如果你观察一只飞翔的鸟儿的移动，看到天空每个瞬间动态的美，注目山上的影子或者另外一个面孔的美，你还会去博物馆看画吗？或许正是因为你不知道如何去看你周围的事物，于是你诉诸某种形式的药物来刺激你，让你更好地看。

There is a story of a religious teacher who used to talk every morning to his disciples. One morning he got on to the platform and was just about to begin when a little bird came and sat on the window sill and began to sing, and sang away with full heart. Then it stopped and flew away and the teacher said, `The sermon for this morning is over'.

有这样一个故事，一个宗教导师每天早晨都对信徒讲话，一天他登上讲台，正要开讲时，一只小鸟飞过，站在窗沿上开始歌唱，唱得可带劲了，然后停下来，飞走了，导师说：“今天早晨的布道结束了。”

It seems to me that one of our greatest difficulties is to see for ourselves really clearly, not only outward things but inward life. When we say we see a tree or a flower or a person, do we actually see them? Or do we merely see the image that the word has created?

That is, when you look at a tree or at a cloud of an evening full of light and delight, do you actually see it, not only with your eyes and intellectually, but totally, completely?

在我看来，我们的最大挑战之一就是真正地看清一切，不仅仅是外部事物，更是内心。当我们说我们看到一棵树或者一朵花或者一个人，我们真正看到它们了吗？或者我们仅仅看到的是那个词语所对应的画面？

也就是说，当你看一棵树，或者看一朵明亮的夜空中的云，你真正看到它了吗？不仅仅是用你的眼睛，在智识上看到，而是能够完全地看到、感受到？

Have you ever experimented with looking at an objective thing like a tree without any of the associations, any of the knowledge you have acquired about it, without any prejudice, any judgement, any words forming a screen between you and the tree and preventing you from seeing it as it actually is?

Try it and see what actually takes place when you observe the tree with all your being, with the totality of your energy. In that intensity you will find that there is no observer at all; there is only attention. It is when there is inattention that there is the observer and the observed. When you are looking at something with complete attention there is no space for a conception, a formula or a memory. This is important to understand because we are going into something which requires very careful investigation.

你自己试验过吗，去看一个物体，比如一棵树，没有任何的联想，不带有任何关于那棵树的知识，没有任何的偏见、判断，没有任何言语形成的滤镜挡在你和树之间，在阻碍你看到树原本的样子？

试试看，看看会发生什么，当你能够全然地观察这棵树，带着你全部的能量。那种状态下，你会发现观察者根本就不存在，只有全然的关注。只要当缺乏关注的时候，才会出现观察者和被观察者。当你全然关注的时候，概念、方案、记忆在内心里面没有空间。理解这个非常重要，因为我们要继续探索的东西，需要非常仔细的探究。

*译注：在中文语境下，缺乏关注即不合适的关注，陷入言语、符号等具象，是一种聚的状态，与全然相悖。

It is only a mind that looks at a tree or the stars or the sparkling waters of a river with complete self-abandonment that knows what beauty is, and when we are actually seeing we are in a state of love.

We generally know beauty through comparison or through what man has put together, which means that we attribute beauty to some object. I see what I consider to be a beautiful building and that beauty I appreciate because of my knowledge of architecture and by comparing it with other buildings I have seen.
But now I am asking myself, `Is there a beauty without object?' When there is an observer who is the censor, the experiencer, the thinker, there is no beauty because beauty is something external, something the observer looks at and judges, but when there is no observer - and this demands a great deal of meditation, of enquiry then there is beauty without the object.

只有这样一颗心——能够不带任何自我地看一颗树，看星星，看金光闪闪的水面——才知道什么是美，当我们能够真真切切看到的时候，我们已经在一种爱的状态中。
通常，我们是通过比较或者人类构造的东西来认识美，这意味着我们把美归之于某个事物。我看到我认为美的建筑，我欣赏那种美是因为我已有的关于建筑的知识，以及我把这个建筑跟我见过的其它建筑比较。

但现在，我要问我自己：“有没有一种美跟事物无关？”当观察者存在的时候，也就是那个中心，那个体验者，那个思考者，美不存在，因为那时美是外部事物，是观察者看到的和评判的，但当没有观察者的时候 —— 这需要大量的冥想和探究，那么才会有一种美跟事物无关。

Beauty lies in the total abandonment of the observer and the observed and there can be self-abandonment only when there is total austerity - not the austerity of the priest with its harshness, its sanctions, rules and obedience - not austerity in clothes, ideas, food and behaviour - but the austerity of being totally simple which is complete humility. Then there is no achieving, no ladder to climb; there is only the first step and the first step is the everlasting step.

美存在于观察者和被观察者这种分裂的彻底消失，只有当完全的朴素存在的时候，自我才能完全息止 —— 不是僧人那种带有严厉、制裁、规则和遵守的朴素，也不是衣着、想法、事物和行为上的简朴 —— 而是一种彻彻底底的简单的朴素，也就是完全的谦卑。那时，没有寻求，没有梯子要爬，只有第一步，并且永远是第一步。

Say you are walking by yourself or with somebody and you have stopped talking. You are surrounded by nature and there is no dog barking, no noise of a car passing or even the flutter of a bird. You are completely silent and nature around you is also wholly silent.

In that state of silence both in the observer and the observed - when the observer is not translating what he observes into thought - in that silence there is a different quality of beauty. There is neither nature nor the observer. There is a state of mind wholly, completely, alone; it is alone - not in isolation - alone in stillness and that stillness is beauty.

When you love, is there an observer? There is an observer only when love is desire and pleasure. When desire and pleasure are not associated with love, then love is intense. It is, like beauty, something totally new every day. As I have said, it has no today and no tomorrow.

比如说，你独自走路或者跟他人一起，不再讲话。你被自然环抱，没有狗叫，没有汽车经过的声音，甚至没有鸟儿振翅的声音。你完全寂静，周围的自然也完全寂静。

在那种寂静的状态中，同时存在于观察者和被观察到的 —— 当观察者没有用想法演绎他观察到的 —— 那种寂静中存在一种不同的美。既没有自然，也没有观察者。存在一种完全独处的内心状态，独处，不是被隔绝 —— 在寂静中独处，那种寂静就是美。

当你爱的时候，观察者存在吗？只有当爱是欲望和愉悦的时候，观察者才存在。当欲望和愉悦不跟爱挂钩的时候，爱才是强烈的。跟美一样，爱每天都是完全崭新的。正如我说过的，爱既没有昨天，也没有明天。

It is only when we see without any preconception, any image, that we are able to be in direct contact with anything in life. All our relationships are really imaginary - that is, based on an image formed by thought. If I have an image about you and you have an image about me, naturally we don't see each other at all as we actually are. What we see is the images we have formed about each other which prevent us from being in contact, and that is why our relationships go wrong.

只有当我们不带有任何的先入之见，任何的画面，我们才可以在生活中真正地跟任何事物接触。我们所有的关系的确是想象出来的 —— 也就是说，基于想法形成的画面。如果我有一个关于你的画面，你有一个关于我的画面，自然而然，我们根本就看不到彼此实际的样子。我们看到的是我们已经形成的关于彼此的画面，这让我们无法接触彼此，这也是为什么我们的关系总会出问题。

When I say I know you, I mean I knew you yesterday. I do not know you actually now. All I know is my image of you. That image is put together by what you have said in praise of me or to insult me, what you have done to me - it is put together by all the memories I have of you - and your image of me is put together in the same way, and it is those images which have relationship and which prevent us from really communing with each other.

当我说我知道你，我指的是我知道昨天的你，我并不知道此刻的你。我所知道的都是关于你的画面。这个画面是由你曾经说过的赞扬我或者侮辱我的话，以及你曾对我所作的事情勾勒出来 —— 由我对你的所有记忆勾勒出来 —— 你脑中关于我的形象，也是以同样的方式钩织出来的，正是这些画面之间存在关系，而且让我们彼此无法真正地沟通。

Two people who have lived together for a long time have an image of each other which prevents them from really being in relationship. If we understand relationship we can co-operate but co-operation cannot possibly exist through images, through symbols, through ideological conceptions. Only when we understand the true relationship between each other is there a possibility of love, and love is denied when we have images. Therefore it is important to understand, not intellectually but actually in your daily life, how you have built images about your wife, your husband, your neighbour, your child, your country, your leaders, your politicians, your gods - you have nothing but images.

两个住在一起很久的人，彼此都有对方的画面，这阻碍了他们真正处在关系中。如果我们理解了关系，我们可以协作，但协作是不可能通过画面、符号、意识形态的概念来存在的。只有当我们理解了彼此之间真正的关系，才有可能出现爱，当我们有画面的时候，爱就被拒之门外了。因此，在你的日常生活中，不是智识上，而是真正地理解你是如何构建关于你的妻子、丈夫、邻居、孩子、国家、上司、政客、神的画面非常的重要 —— 除了画面，你一无所有。

These images create the space between you and what you observe and in that space there is conflict, so what we are going to find out now together is whether it is possible to be free of the space we create, not only outside ourselves but in ourselves, the space which divides people in all their relationships.

这些画面在你和你所观察的事物之间制造了距离，在那个距离里存在冲突，所以我们要一起去探索有没有可能从那个距离中解脱，不仅在我们之外， 而且在我们的内心深处，那个在所有的关系中分裂彼此的距离。

Now the very attention you give to a problem is the energy that solves that problem. When you give your complete attention - I mean with everything in you - there is no observer at all. There is only the state of attention which is total energy, and that total energy is the highest form of intelligence. Naturally that state of mind must be completely silent and that silence, that stillness, comes when there is total attention, not disciplined stillness. That total silence in which there is neither the observer nor the thing observed is the highest form of a religious mind. But what takes place in that state cannot be put into words because what is said in words is not the fact. To find out for yourself you have to go through it.

你对问题所给予的关注就是解决问题的能量。当你给予完全的关注 —— 我的意思是倾其所有的关注 —— 观察者压根就不存在。这种全然关注的状态，是一种整体的能量，这种整体的能量就是最高形式的智慧。自然地，那种状态的内心一定是完全寂静，那种寂静、安静只会在全然关注时出现，而不是训练出来的安静。在这种完全的寂静中，既没有观察者也没有被观察者，这种寂静就是最高形式的虔诚的心。在那种状态下所发生的无法用言语描述，因为言语所表达的不是事实。要去发现在这种寂静中发生了什么，你必须经历这种寂静。

Every problem is related to every other problem so that if you can solve one problem completely - it does not matter what it is - you will see that you are able to meet all other problems easily and resolve them. We are talking, of course, of psychological problems.

We have already seen that a problem exists only in time, that is when we meet the issue incompletely. So not only must we be aware of the nature and structure of the problem and see it completely, but meet it as it arises and resolve it immediately so that it does not take root in the mind.

If one allows a problem to endure for a month or a day, or even for a few minutes, it distorts the mind. So is it possible to meet a problem immediately without any distortion and be immediately, completely, free of it and not allow a memory, a scratch on the mind, to remain?

These memories are the images we carry about with us and it is these images which meet this extraordinary thing called life and therefore there is a contradiction and hence conflict. Life is very real - life is not  an abstraction - and when you meet it with images there are problems.

每一个问题都牵扯到其它问题，如果你能够彻底解决一个问题 —— 是哪个问题并不重要 —— 你将会发现，你可以轻而易举地面对所有其他的问题并解决它们。当然，我们在谈及心理问题。

我们已经看到，问题只会存在于时间的范畴内，也就是当我们没有彻底地面对问题时。所以，不仅我们必须得意识到问题的本质和构架，彻底地看清楚，而是必须在问题出现的时候面对它，并即刻解决它，这样问题就不会在心里面生根。

如果一个人允许问题持续一个月或者一天，或者甚至几分钟，问题都会扭曲内心。所以，有没有可能去即刻面对问题，不带有任何的扭曲，即刻，完全地从问题中解脱，不让问题在内心里面留下记忆和划痕？

这些记忆就是我们一直携带的画面，正是这些画面在作用于我们的人生，因此存在矛盾，进而有冲突。人生是真真切切的 —— 人生不是一个抽象概念 —— 当你带着画面去过人生的时候，问题就会出现。

Is it possible to meet every issue without this space-time interval, without the gap between oneself and the thing of which one is afraid? It is possible only when the observer has no continuity, the observer who is the builder of the image, the observer who is a collection of memories and ideas, who is a bundle of abstractions.

有没有可能去面对每一个问题，不带有任何的心理时间，不带有自我和“我”所恐惧的东西？只有当观察者不再延续的时候才有可能——就是那个构建各种画面的观察者，那个由各种记忆和想法集合而成的观察者，那个由各种抽象堆砌的观察者。

When you look at the stars there is you who are looking at the stars in the sky; the sky is flooded with brilliant stars, there is cool air, and there is you, the observer, the experiencer, the thinker, you with your aching heart, you, the centre, creating space. You will never understand about the space between yourself and the stars, yourself and your wife or husband, or friend, because you have never looked without the image, and that is why you do not know what beauty is or what love is. You talk about it, you write about it, but you have never known it except perhaps at rare intervals of total self-abandonment. So long as there is a centre creating space around itself there is neither love nor beauty. When there is no centre and no circumference then there is love. And when you love you are beauty.

当你仰望星空，有一个“你”在看天上的星星，天空繁星璀璨，有凉爽的空气，也有“你”，观察者，体验者，思考者，心痛的“你”，你，那个中心，在制造隔阂。你将永远无法理解你和星星之间的隔阂，你和你妻子或丈夫或朋友之间的隔阂，因为你从来没有不带画面地看，这也是为什么你不知道什么是美，什么是爱。你谈论它，写它，但你却从未理解它，或许除了在罕见的完全自我熄灭的片刻。只要存在一个中心在其周围制造一个狭小空间（注：实为隔阂，自我隔绝），既没有爱，也没有美。当中心不存在，圆也不存在的时候，那时才有爱。当你爱的时候，你就是美。

When you look at a face opposite, you are looking from a centre and the centre creates the space between person and person, and that is why our lives are so empty and callous. You cannot cultivate love or beauty, nor can you invent truth, but if you are all the time aware of what you are doing, you can cultivate awareness and out of that awareness you will begin to see the nature of pleasure, desire and sorrow and the utter loneliness and boredom of man, and then you will begin to come upon that thing called `the space'.

当你注视对面的脸，你从一个中心来看，这个中心创造了人与人之间的距离，这也是为什么我们的人生是如此空虚，如此冷酷无情。你不可能去培养爱或者美， 你也不能发明真相，但如果你能一直觉察你在做什么，你就能培养觉察，从那种觉察中，你将开始看到人的愉悦、欲望、伤悲、终极的孤独和烦闷的本质，然后你就会发现那个叫做“无边无量”的东西。

When there is space between you and the object you are observing you will know there is no love, and without love, however hard you try to reform the world or bring about a new social order or however much you talk about improvements, you will only create agony. So it is up to you. There is no leader, there is no

teacher, there is nobody to tell you what to do. You are alone in this mad brutal world.

当你和你观察的东西之间存在距离，你就会知道那里没有爱。没有爱，即便你怎么努力去改良世界，或者带来一种新的社会秩序，或者无论你对进步高谈阔论，你只会创造极度痛苦。所以这完全取决于你。没有任何的领导者，没有任何的老师，没有任何人来告诉你，你要做什么。在这样一个疯狂残酷的世界，你独自一人。

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